= What is a p-value? =

The p-value is the probability of a particular statistic from the data, or a more extreme one, occurring under the null hypothesis (see e.g. Everitt, 1995). A p-value should not be confused with a type I error which is the probability of falsely ''rejecting'' the null hypothesis when it is true.  The former does not involve any concept of ''rejection'' or ''acceptance''. The type I ''error'' on the other hand does. See also the Graduate Statistics [[StatsCourse2009| talk on power analysis]] for further discussion.

__Reference__

Everitt BS (1995) The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics in the Medical Sciences. Cambridge University Press.