= 95% Bootstrap confidence intervals for Brennan and Prediger (1981) kappa =

The complete case data is in this SPSS [[attachment:raters.sav|file]]. The directory name may need to be changed in the read.spss command argument to identify the location on your PC of your data file.

{{{
library(foreign)
x <- read.spss("U://My Documents//raters.sav")
x1 <- data.frame(x)
attach(x1)


# Evaluates a bootstrap 95% CI for Brennan and Prediger's (1981) kappa for random numbers of categories to rate (for two raters)
# Ratings are in  SPSS file in two columns called rater1 and rater2
#
 
#
nb<-1000
n <- length(rater1)
boot<-matrix(NA,nb,n)
boot1<-matrix(NA,nb,n)
bsum <- matrix(NA,nb,1)
kapbp <- matrix(NA,nb,1)

attributes(boot)
for (i in 1:nb) {
bs1<-sample(rater1,n,replace=T)
bs2<-sample(rater2,n,replace=T)
for (j in 1:n) {
boot[i,j] <- bs1[j]-bs2[j]
boot1[i,j] <- ifelse(boot[i,j] == 0,1,0)
}
kapbp[i] <-  ( (sum(boot1[i,])/n) - (1/n))/(1 - (1/n)) 
}

hist(kapbp)
quantile(kapbp,0.025)
quantile(kapbp,0.975)
}}}