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|| Copy file/directory || ''cp <old> <new>'' || || | || Copy file/directory || ''cp <old> <new>'' || Copy directories: ''cp <old> <new>'' || |
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|| Create link between a new filename and an existing file || ''ln <filename> <linkname>'' || symbolic link: ''ln -s <filename> <linkname>'', to see whether a file is "real" or a symbolic link, use ''ls -l'' || |
Your Survival Guide to Unix at the CBSU
Commands
Function |
Command |
Options |
Show contents of current directory |
ls |
details: ls –l, hidden files: ls –a, output to file: ls > file.txt, wild cards: ls *.txt |
Change directory |
cd <newdir> |
e.g. cd /home/myname/mydatadir, one up: cd .. (e.g. cd ../batchfiles, to home directory: cd ~) |
Make directory |
mkdir <newdir> |
|
Copy file/directory |
cp <old> <new> |
Copy directories: cp <old> <new> |
Move file |
mv <old> <new> |
|
Delete file |
rm <filename> |
delete directory: rm –r <dirname> |
Create link between a new filename and an existing file |
ln <filename> <linkname> |
symbolic link: ln -s <filename> <linkname>, to see whether a file is "real" or a symbolic link, use ls -l |
Search for files in directory structures |
find |
|
Find letter string within text |
grep |
grep error logfile.txt, grep <yourname> | ps -ef |
See list of previous commands |
history |
|
Execute command from history list |
!<x>, where x is number in history list |
e.g. !112 |
Changing access permissions |
chmod |
e.g. chmod 755 <myfile> |
Show load of linux boxes |
showload |
|
Change linux box |
ssh <machine> |
e.g. ssh l42 |
Show current processes |
ps |
ps -ef |
Show most CPU-intensive tasks on current processor |
top |
|
Checking where an executable file is located |
which <filename> |
|
Show features of current linux box |
uname |
uname -a |
Check your user name |
whoami |
|
Convert text files from DOS to Unix |
dos2unix <filename> |
|
Edit files |
nedit, emacs, vi |
|
Help on linux commands |
man <yourcommand> (quit typing q) |
|
Useful Tricks
Use cursor keys up/down to get previous commands |
Copy/paste: mark text with left mouse button, click to destination, click middle mouse button |
Auto-complete commands: start typing, then “Tab” to complete to next unique possibility |
General
VNC (http://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/UsingVNC): Putty, vncserver –geometry 1280x1024 –name <somename>, for OpenGL graphics: vncserver.glx -geometry 1280x1024 -name <somename> |
Access home space: Windows \\home\username; Linux /home/username |
Access imaging space: Windows \\samfs-lh\imaging; Linux /imaging/username |
32-bit machines: l21, l24-31, l33-l36, l37-l42 64-bit machines: l43-l63 OpenGL machines: l37-l42 |
Computing on Intranet: http://intranet.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/computing/ |
Intro to Unix: http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/ |
Overview of CBU computing: http://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/meg/Beginners/MatlabIntroCBU?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=RussellComputing.pdf |