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| || Show contents of current directory: || ls || (details: ls –l, hidden files: ls –a, output to file: ls > file.txt) || || Change directory: || cd || (one up: cd .. | to home directory cd ~) || ||Make directory: || mkdir newdir || || || Copy file/directory: || cp old new || || || Move file: || mv old new || || || Delete file: || rm filename || delete directory: rm –r dirname || || Show load of linux boxes: || showload || || || Change linux box: || ssh l42 || || || dos2unix || || || || grep || || || || See list of previous commands: || history || || || Show features of current linux box: || uname –a || || || Help on linux commands: || man yourcommand (quit typing “q”) || || || Edit files: || nedit, emacs, vi || || |
|| Show contents of current directory: || ''ls'' || details: ''ls –l'', hidden files: ''ls –a'', output to file: ''ls > file.txt'', wild cards: ''ls *.txt'' || || Change directory: || ''cd <newdir>'' || e.g. ''cd /home/myname/mydatadir'', one up: ''cd ..'' (e.g. ''cd ../batchfiles'', to home directory: ''cd ~'') || ||Make directory: || ''mkdir <newdir>'' || || || Copy file/directory: || ''cp <old> <new>'' || || || Move file: || ''mv <old> <new>'' || || || Delete file: || ''rm <filename>'' || delete directory: ''rm –r <dirname>'' || || Show load of linux boxes: || ''showload'' || || || Change linux box: || ''ssh <machine>'' || e.g. ''ssh l42'' || || Show current processes: || ''ps'' || ''ps -ef'' || || Show most CPU-intensive tasks on current processor || ''top'' || || || Find letter string within text || grep || ''grep error logfile.txt'', ''grep <yourname> | ps -ef'' || || See list of previous commands: || ''history'' || || || Execute command from history list: || ''!<x>'', where ''x'' is number in history list || e.g. '''!112'' || || Changing access permissions: || ''chmod'' || e.g. ''chmod 755 <myfile>'' || || Checking where an executable file is located: || ''which <filename>'' || || || Search for files in directory structures: || ''find'' || || || Show features of current linux box: || ''uname –a'' || || || Check your user name: || ''whoami'' || || || Convert text files from DOS to Unix || dos2unix || || || Help on linux commands: || ''man yourcommand'' (quit typing ''q'') || || || Edit files: || ''nedit'', ''emacs'', ''vi'' || || |
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| || Execute command from history list: !x, where x is number in history list || |
Your Survival Guide to Unix at the CBSU
Commands
Function |
Command |
Options |
Show contents of current directory: |
ls |
details: ls –l, hidden files: ls –a, output to file: ls > file.txt, wild cards: ls *.txt |
Change directory: |
cd <newdir> |
e.g. cd /home/myname/mydatadir, one up: cd .. (e.g. cd ../batchfiles, to home directory: cd ~) |
Make directory: |
mkdir <newdir> |
|
Copy file/directory: |
cp <old> <new> |
|
Move file: |
mv <old> <new> |
|
Delete file: |
rm <filename> |
delete directory: rm –r <dirname> |
Show load of linux boxes: |
showload |
|
Change linux box: |
ssh <machine> |
e.g. ssh l42 |
Show current processes: |
ps |
ps -ef |
Show most CPU-intensive tasks on current processor |
top |
|
Find letter string within text |
grep |
grep error logfile.txt, grep <yourname> | ps -ef |
See list of previous commands: |
history |
|
Execute command from history list: |
!<x>, where x is number in history list |
e.g. !112 |
Changing access permissions: |
chmod |
e.g. chmod 755 <myfile> |
Checking where an executable file is located: |
which <filename> |
|
Search for files in directory structures: |
find |
|
Show features of current linux box: |
uname –a |
|
Check your user name: |
whoami |
|
Convert text files from DOS to Unix |
dos2unix |
|
Help on linux commands: |
man yourcommand (quit typing q) |
|
Edit files: |
nedit, emacs, vi |
|
Useful Tricks
Use cursor keys up/down to get previous commands |
Copy/paste: mark text with left mouse button, click to destination, click middle mouse button |
Auto-complete commands: start typing, then “Tab” to complete to next unique possibility |
General
VNC (http://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/imaging/UsingVNC): Putty, vncserver –geometry 1280x1024 –name somename vncserver.glx -geometry 1280x1024 -name somename |
Access home space: Windows \\home\username; Linux /home/username |
Access imaging space: Windows \\samfs-lh\imaging; Linux /imaging/username |
32-bit machines: l21, l24-31, l33-l36, l37-l42 64-bit machines: l43-l63 OpenGL machines: l37-l42 |
Computing on Intranet: http://intranet.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/computing/ |
Intro to Unix: http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/ |
Overview of CBU computing: http://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/meg/Beginners/MatlabIntroCBU?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=RussellComputing.pdf |